Course Content
Introduction
0/1
Course Overview
Linux Fundamental
0/10
Introduction to Unix
History
Operating System
Hardware and Software
Why Linux
Linux Features
Linux vs Unix
Linux vs Windows
Introduction to Shell
Linux Fundamental
Basic Commands
0/3
Linux Basic Commands
Linux System Admin Command
Detecting Linux distribution name and version
Linux Commands
0/2
Tar command
Locate Command
Linux Permission
0/2
Linux File Permission
Advanced Permission
Linux Files and Directory
Linux Users and Group Management
0/1
Linux User & Group Management
Linux Process
Linux Networking
Linux Security
Linux Partitions
0/3
LVM Partition
Swap Partition
Normal Partition
Linux Sysadmin
0/4
Detect open ports
Useful shortcuts
Create Your Own Commands
Change root (chroot)
Linux Advance
0/2
Run level
Services
Linux Filters
Linux Tutorials
About Lesson

Change root:

Change root (chroot) is an operation that changes the apparent root directory for the current running process and
their children. A program that is run in such a modified environment cannot access files and commands outside
that environmental directory tree.

Requirements

*root privileges
*Another working Linux environment,such as Live CD boot or an existing distribution
*Matching environment architectures of chroot source and destination (check current environment architecture with uname -m)
*Kernel modules which you may need in chroot environment must be loaded (for example, with modprobe)

Manually changing root in a directory

1. Ensure you met all requirements, as per Requirements
2. Mount the temporary API filesystems:

cd /location/of/new/root
mount -t proc proc proc/
mount --rbind /sys sys/
mount --rbind /dev dev/
mount --rbind /run run/ (optionally)

3. If you need to use an internet connection in the chroot environment, copy over the DNS details:

cp /etc/resolv.conf etc/resolv.conf

4. Change root into /location/of/new/root, specifying the shell (/bin/bash in this example):

chroot /location/of/new/root /bin/bash

5. After chrooting it may be necessary to load the local bash configuration:

source /etc/profile
source ~/.bashrc

6. Optionally, create a unique prompt to be able to differentiate your chroot environment:

export PS1="(chroot) $PS1"

7. When finished with the chroot, you can exit it via:

exit

8. Unmount the temporary file systems:

cd /
umount --recursive /location/of/new/root

Reasons to use chroot

Changing root is commonly done for performing system maintenance on systems where booting and/or logging in is no longer possible.
Common examples are:
reinstalling the bootloader
rebuilding the initramfs image
upgrading or downgrading packages
resetting a forgotten password
building software in a clean root environment

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