What is Networking?
Networking can be define as a communication between one or multiple networking devices. The main aim of networking is share resources between devices. A computer network is a digital telecommunications network which allows nodes to share resources. In computer networks, computing devices exchange data with each other using connections between nodes. These data links are established over cable media such as wires or optic cables, or wireless media such as Wi-Fi. Most of the networking devices are made by Cisco.
Networking Devices:
Equipment that connects directly to a network segment is referred to as a device.These devices are broken up into two classifications:
- End-user devices
- Network devices
End-user devices include computers, printers, scanners, and other devices that provide services directly to the user. Network devices include all the devices that connect the enduser devices together to allow them to communicate.
Router:
A router is a device that forwards data packets along networks. A router is connected to at least two networks, commonly two LANs or WANs or a LAN and its ISP’s network. Routers are located at gateways, the places where two or more networks connect. Routers are used to connect networks together. Route packets of data from one network to another. Routers, by default, break up a broadcast domain.
Switch:
A network switch is networking hardware that connects devices on a computer network by using packet switching to receive, and forward data to the destination device. A network switch is a multiport network bridge that uses media access control addresses to forward data at the data link layer of the OSI model.
Hub:
A hub, also called a network hub, is a common connection point for devices in a network. Hubs are devices commonly used to connect segments of a LAN. The hub contains multiple ports. When a packet arrives at one port, it is copied to the other ports so that all segments of the LAN can see all packets.
Network Topologies:
Network topology defines the structure of the network. One part of the topology definition is the physical topology, which is the actual layout of the wire or media. The other part is the logical topology,which defines how the media is accessed by the hosts for sending data.
Types of Topologies:
Bus Topology: A bus topology uses a single backbone cable that is terminated at both ends. All the hosts connect directly to this backbone.
Ring Topology: A ring topology connects one host to the next and the last host to the first. This creates a physical ring of cable.
Star Topology: A star topology connects all cables to a central point of concentration. An extended star topology links individual stars together by connecting the hubs and/or switches.This topology can extend the scope and coverage of the network.
Mesh Topology: A mesh topology is implemented to provide as much protection as possible from interruption of service. Each host has its own connections to all other hosts. Although the Internet has multiple paths to any one location, it does not adopt the full mesh topology.
LANs, MANs, & WANs
One early solution was the creation of local-area network (LAN) standards which provided an open set of guidelines for creating network hardware and software, making equipment from different companies compatible. What was needed was a way for information to move efficiently and quickly, not only within a company, but also from one business to another. The solution was the creation of metropolitan-area networks (MANs) and wide-area networks (WANs).
LANs:
WANs:
MANs:
A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a network that interconnects users with computer resources in a geographic area or region larger than that covered by even a large local area network (LAN) but smaller than the area covered by a wide area network (WAN). The term is applied to the interconnection of networks in a city into a single larger network (which may then also offer efficient connection to a wide area network). It is also used to mean the interconnection of several local area networks by bridging them with backbone lines. The latter usage is also sometimes referred to as a campus network.
Bandwidth:
In computer networks, bandwidth is used as a synonym for data transfer rate, the amount of data that can be carried from one point to another in a given time period (usually a second). Network bandwidth is usually expressed in bits per second (bps). Modern networks typically have speeds measured in the millions of bits per second (megabits per second, or Mbps) or billions of bits per second (gigabits per second, or Gbps)
Bandwidth is limited by physics and technology
Bandwidth is no free
Bandwidth requirements are growing at a rapid rate
Bandwidth is critical to network performance
Hope this article helpful for you. Thank You
Let’s Join our Hacking Team
We Are Indian We Are Great
Indian Cyber Army | Make IT Secure
Enjoy…Stay Happy…Stay Secure…
Hope this article helpful for you. Thank You
If You Appreciate What We Do Here On Hackonology, You Should Consider:
Hackonology is the fastest growing and most trusted community site where you can find lots of courses, articles about Technology/Hacking/Cracking. Millions of people visit Hackonology! to search or browse the thousands of published articles available FREELY to all.
Let's be a part of Hacker's Community! Join our Hacking Team
We Are Indian We Are Great
